In commercial aviation, the approach and landing phase of an aircraft is a crucial maneuver requiring precise coordination and perfect mastery of procedures. Understanding the steps involved in this phase is essential for pilots, flight crews and aviation enthusiasts alike. In this practical guide, we explore in detail the different stages of the approach and landing of a commercial aircraft, to better understand the challenges and stakes of this critical phase of flight.
By Emeline, 44, flight attendant undergoing retraining
Initial approach phase
L'initial approach is the first stage in the descent to the destination airport. This phase begins when the aircraft leaves its cruising altitude and heads for the initial point of descent. The pilot gradually reduces speed, while maintaining control of the trajectory.
Intermediate approach phase
During the intermediate approachThe aircraft continues its descent and lines up with the runway. The pilot follows instructions from the control tower and uses navigation instruments to ensure a precise trajectory. The aim is to stabilize the aircraft before reaching the final descent point.
Final approach phase
Visit final approach phase begins when the aircraft is about eight kilometers from the runway. During this stage, the pilot adjusts the flaps and the landing gear is deployed. Precision is crucial, as the aim is to reach the final approach point at optimum altitude and speed.
Landing phase
L'landing is the phase during which the aircraft touches down. The pilot must manage speed and altitude precisely to ensure a smooth landing. Communication with the control tower is essential to ensure that the runway is clear and that landing conditions are optimal.
Brakes and Bearings
After touching the wheels, the driver uses braking techniques to reduce aircraft speed. The airbrakes and wheel braking systems are activated. Once the aircraft has reached a controlled speed, it leaves the main runway and heads for the gate or a parking position.
Quick guide
Here's a concise summary of the different phases and elements to watch out for during the approach and landing of a commercial aircraft.
| Phase | Things to watch out for |
|---|---|
| Initial approach | Speed, Trajectory |
| Intermediate approach | Alignment, Navigation instruments |
| Final approach | Flaps, Landing gear |
| Landing | Speed, Altitude |
| Brakes and Bearings | Brakes, Air brakes |
All these steps illustrate the complexity and precision required to land an aircraft. Innovation and technology play a crucial role, as demonstrated by the feat ofAirbus with its unmanned landing.
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